Monday, April 22, 2019

Features of population genetics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Features of population genetics - strain ExampleConsequently, the species is more likely to become extinct if environmental conditions change, even minimally. One such computer virus that can induce genetic changes is the West Nile virus (WNv), and it has the capacity to change the genetic sequencing of animal species, preponderantly birds. WNv can be passed to humans and other mammals via mosquitoes and causes mild to severe illness, and in some cases death.The investigators presented data that support a phylogenetic conclusion that the MNv epidemic of North America already r all(prenominal)ed an epidemiological plateau. The conclusion that pennant prevalence has been passed was based on the decline in the population growth of WNv in recent months.Snapinn et al.s regularity of trying to quantify the emergence of MNv in the USA contrasts with that of previous research, such as Hull et al. (2006) and Naugle et al. (2004) who discover antibody rates of birds to identify the prevale nce of WNv infection. The results for Hulls content showed that antibodies to WNv were found across all raptor groups across dickens geographic regions. This supports the conclusion that many of the wild raptors had survived a WNv infection. In contrast, Naugle and colleagues observed that their sage-grouse sample did not shew WNv antibodies, suggesting that the species lacks resistance to infection. For both studies it appears that the summer months are times of increased infections, perhaps due to the increase in mosquito populations. These conclusions were drawn from evidence of statically different antibody rates across summer and winter regions used in each sample.Method Statistical methods were used to track the WNv population, estimating a set of parameters rate of evolutionary change ages digression time and rate of viral population growth. These factors were based on the changes observed in gene sequence data. This method of modeling estimates the level of new infectio ns across all species that can be host to WNv. This is a reasonable conclusion given that a virus leaves an epidemiological history on gene sequences.The limitation of this study was that the statistical estimates used a viral sample from only one species - birds (corvids and raptors), and from only one geographic region - northeastern USA. It may be that species differences affect the lifespan of the virus, and that such a narrow geographical sample does not reflect random sampling of the entire population (which exists across the entire nation), and so is not representative. There may be confounding variables such as climate, pesticides, food availability or predators that impact on the health of the birds in this region that make them more resistant to MNv. Such a case would be of interest in developing a vaccine to the virus, but does not discipline the true state of affairs with regard to the population growth, stagnation or decrease of MNv.Hulls study displace plasma specime ns from Red-tailed Hawks (Buteo jamaicensis), Red-shouldered Hawks (B. lineatus), and Coopers Hawks (Accipiter cooperii) wasWhilst Naugle and colleagues collected the serum of 112 radio-marked sage grouse (Centrocercus

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